BrookHaberprocess

=**Haber Process**= Haber process invention starts at the beginning of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which is very useful for industrial synthesis of different explosives and nitrogen fertilizers. The process is the most important industrial process ever developed during the twentieth century.  Before the start of the industrial revolution farmers would fertilize the land using various nutrients. The 1840s works of Justus von Liebig identified nitrogen as one of these important nutrients. The same chemical compound could already be converted to nitric acid, the precursor of gunpowder and powerful explosives like TNT and nitroglycerine. Scientists also already knew that Nitrogen composed of the majority of the air, However no one came up with idea how to fix it yet.
 * History:**

 Then, in 1909, Fritz Haber a German chemist effectively fixed atmospheric nitrogen.This success had highly attractive military, industrial and agricultural uses.After four years a research team led by Carl Bosch, developed the first industrial-scale application of the Haber process.

 The large scale production of nitrogen through Haber process prolonged World War I by providing Germany with the explosives. During the interwar period, the lower cost of ammonia extraction from atmosphere contributed to the development of intensive agriculture and resulted worldwide population growth.

 Today, more than 99 percent of global demand for synthetic ammonia, is satisfied by using Haber process. The has contributed for the change of the world. To understand this well lets see some of the uses of Ammonia which is the product of Haber process.

**Use of Ammonia**

**- As a Fertilizer -** When ammonia is applied to soil, it helps provide increased yields of crops like Wheat and corn. This increase in food supply helps to respond to the highly increasing food demand due to population growth. Without ammonia, our world wouldn't supply enough amount of food for the survival of 7 billion people. **- As a Cleaner** - one of its most common uses is to clean porcelain, glass and stainless steel because ammonia results in a relatively streak-free shine. It is also frequently used for cleaning ovens and soaking items to loosen baked-on grime. **- As a Refrigerant** -ammonia is an attractive refrigerant due to its favorable vaporization properties.
 * - For Fermentation Process - **Solutions of ammonia are used in fermentation industry as a source of nitrogen for microorganisms and to adjust pH of the process.
 * - As a fuel ** - Ammonia has been proposed as an alternative fuel source to fossil fuel for internal combustion engines.
 * - As an Antiseptic - **Ammonia is currently used commercially to reduce microbial contamination of beef.

To understand the overall chemical reaction of Haber process, look at the comic book and the interactive display below.

= Comic book - A Family With A Surname Ammonia. =





























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= Interactive display - =


 * An interactive display on equilibrium reaction. **

Bibliography

- " THE HABER PROCESS", [], ( collected at 01/04/12)

- " The Haber Process equilibrium ", [] ( collected at Unknown)

- " Uses and Production of Ammonia" [] ( collected at 01/04/12)

- Dr. E. Kruiswijl, __The Haber Process, [] __( collected at 01/04/12)